April 28
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Pre-1600

* 224 – The
Battle of Hormozdgan The Battle of Hormozdgan (also spelled Hormizdagan and Hormozgan) was the climactic battle between the Arsacid and the Sasanian dynasties that took place on April 28, 224. The Sasanian victory broke the power of the Parthian dynasty, effectively e ...
is fought.
Ardashir I Ardashir I (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭥, Modern Persian: , '), also known as Ardashir the Unifier (180–242 AD), was the founder of the Sasanian Empire. He was also Ardashir V of the Kings of Persis, until he founded the new emp ...
defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the
Parthian Empire The Parthian Empire (), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I, who led the Parni tribe in conque ...
. * 357 – Emperor
Constantius II Constantius II (Latin: ''Flavius Julius Constantius''; grc-gre, Κωνστάντιος; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361) was Roman emperor from 337 to 361. His reign saw constant warfare on the borders against the Sasanian Empire and Germani ...
enters
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius. * 1192 – Assassination of
Conrad of Montferrat Conrad of Montferrat (Italian: ''Corrado del Monferrato''; Piedmontese: ''Conrà ëd Monfrà'') (died 28 April 1192) was a nobleman, one of the major participants in the Third Crusade. He was the ''de facto'' King of Jerusalem (as Conrad I) by vi ...
(Conrad I),
King of Jerusalem The King of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Crusader states, Crusader state founded in Jerusalem by the Latin Church, Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade, when the city was Siege of Jerusalem (1099), conqu ...
, in Tyre, two days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by
Hashshashin The Order of Assassins or simply the Assassins ( fa, حَشّاشین, Ḥaššāšīn, ) were a Nizārī Ismāʿīlī order and sect of Shīʿa Islam that existed between 1090 and 1275 CE. During that time, they lived in the mountains of P ...
. * 1253
Nichiren Nichiren (16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282) was a Japanese Buddhist priest and philosopher of the Kamakura period. Nichiren declared that the Lotus Sutra alone contains the highest truth of Buddhist teachings suited for the Third Age of ...
, a Japanese
Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...
monk, propounds ''
Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō ''Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō'' () are Japanese words chanted within all forms of Nichiren Buddhism. In English, they mean "Devotion to the Mystic Law of the Lotus Sutra" or "Glory to the Dharma of the Lotus Sutra". The words refer to the Japanese ...
'' for the very first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding
Nichiren Buddhism Nichiren Buddhism ( ja, 日蓮仏教), also known as Hokkeshū ( ja, 法華宗, meaning ''Lotus Sect'') is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282) and is one of ...
. * 1294Temür, grandson of
Kublai Kublai ; Mongolian script: ; (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder of the Yuan dynasty of China and the fifth khagan-emperor of the ...
, is elected
Khagan Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or ''Khagan''; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣 ), or , tr, Kağan or ; ug, قاغان, Qaghan, Mongolian Script: ; or ; fa, خاقان ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan ...
of the
Mongols The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...
with the reigning title Oljeitu. *
1503 __NOTOC__ Year 1503 ( MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 20 – Seville in Castile is awarded exclusive rights to trade wit ...
– The
Battle of Cerignola The Battle of Cerignola was fought on 28 April 1503 between Spanish and French armies outside the town of Cerignola, Apulia, Kingdom of Naples (now in modern-day Italy), approximately west of Bari. The Spanish force under the command of Gonz ...
is fought. It is noted as one of the first European battles in history won by small arms fire using
gunpowder Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It consists of a mixture of sulfur, carbon (in the form of charcoal) and potassium nitrate (saltpeter). ...
.


1601–1900

*
1611 Events January–June * February 27 – Sunspots are observed by telescope, by Frisian astronomers Johannes Fabricius and David Fabricius. Johannes publishes the results of these observations, in ''De Maculis in Sole observa ...
– Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal
University of Santo Tomas The University of Santo Tomas (also known as UST and officially as the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila) is a private, Catholic research university in Manila, Philippines. Founded on April 28, 1611, by Spanish friar Miguel ...
, The Catholic University of the Philippines, the largest Catholic university in the world. * 1625 – A combined
Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
and
Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...
fleet of 52 ships commences the
recapture of Bahia The recapture of Salvador ( es, Jornada del Brasil; pt, Jornada dos Vassalos) was a Spanish–Portuguese military expedition in 1625 to retake the city of Salvador in Brazil from the forces of the Dutch West India Company (WIC). In May 1624, D ...
from the Dutch during the
Dutch–Portuguese War The Dutch–Portuguese War (; ) was a global armed conflict involving Dutch Republic, Dutch forces, in the form of the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company, as well as their allies against the Iberian Union, and after 1640, t ...
. *
1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
– The
Marathas The Marathi people (Marathi: मराठी लोक) or Marathis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are indigenous to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language. Maharashtra was formed as a M ...
defeat the
Afghans Afghans ( ps, افغانان, translit=afghanan; Persian/ prs, افغان ها, translit=afghānhā; Persian: افغانستانی, romanized: ''Afghanistani'') or Afghan people are nationals or citizens of Afghanistan, or people with ancestry f ...
in the Battle of Attock and capture the city. *
1788 Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of ''The Times'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in London. * January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S ...
Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...
becomes the seventh state to ratify the
United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the Supremacy Clause, supreme law of the United States, United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven ar ...
. * 1789Mutiny on the ''Bounty'': Lieutenant
William Bligh Vice-Admiral William Bligh (9 September 1754 – 7 December 1817) was an officer of the Royal Navy and a colonial administrator. The mutiny on the HMS ''Bounty'' occurred in 1789 when the ship was under his command; after being set adrift i ...
and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew returns to
Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian ; ; previously also known as Otaheite) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean and the nearest major landmass is Austr ...
briefly and then sets sail for
Pitcairn Island Pitcairn Island is the only inhabited island of the Pitcairn Islands, of which many inhabitants are descendants of mutineers of HMS ''Bounty''. Geography The island is of volcanic origin, with a rugged cliff coastline. Unlike many other ...
. * 1792 – France invades the
Austrian Netherlands The Austrian Netherlands nl, Oostenrijkse Nederlanden; french: Pays-Bas Autrichiens; german: Österreichische Niederlande; la, Belgium Austriacum. was the territory of the Burgundian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire between 1714 and 1797. The p ...
(present day Belgium and Luxembourg), beginning the
French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted French First Republic, France against Ki ...
. * 1794
Sardinians The Sardinians, or Sards ( sc, Sardos or ; Italian and Sassarese: ''Sardi''; Gallurese: ''Saldi''), are a Romance language-speaking ethnic group native to Sardinia, from which the western Mediterranean island and autonomous region of Italy deri ...
, headed by
Giovanni Maria Angioy Giovanni Maria Angioy (; sc, Juanne Maria Angioy, italics=no ; 21 October 1751, Bono – 22 February 1808, Paris) was a Sardinian politician and patriot and is considered to be a national hero by Sardinian nationalists. Although best known fo ...
, start a revolution against the Savoy domination, expelling Viceroy Balbiano and his officials from
Cagliari Cagliari (, also , , ; sc, Casteddu ; lat, Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name ''Casteddu'' means ''castle''. It has about 155,000 inhabitant ...
, the capital and largest city of the island. *
1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...
– The
Armistice of Cherasco The Armistice of Cherasco was a truce signed at Cherasco, Piedmont, on 28 April 1796 between Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Napoleon Bonaparte. It withdrew Sardinia from the War of the First Coalition (leaving only Britain and Austria in the ...
is signed by
Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
and
Vittorio Amedeo III Victor Amadeus III (Vittorio Amadeo Maria; 26 June 1726 – 16 October 1796) was King of Sardinia from 1773 to his death. Although he was politically conservative, he carried out numerous administrative reforms until he declared war on Revolut ...
, King of
Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after ...
, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast. * 1869 – Chinese and Irish laborers for the
Central Pacific Railroad The Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR) was a rail company chartered by Pacific Railroad Acts, U.S. Congress in 1862 to build a railroad eastwards from Sacramento, California, to complete the western part of the "First transcontinental railroad" in N ...
working on the
First transcontinental railroad North America's first transcontinental railroad (known originally as the "Pacific Railroad" and later as the " Overland Route") was a continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail netwo ...
lay ten miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched. * 1881
Billy the Kid Billy the Kid (born Henry McCarty; September 17 or November 23, 1859July 14, 1881), also known by the pseudonym William H. Bonney, was an outlaw and gunfighter of the American Old West, who killed eight men before he was shot and killed at t ...
escapes from the Lincoln County jail in Mesilla, New Mexico. * 1887 – A week after being arrested by the
Prussian Secret Police The Prussian Secret Police (german: Preußische Geheimpolizei) was the secret police agency of the German state of Prussia in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1851 the Police Union of German States was set up by the police forces of Aust ...
, French police inspector Guillaume Schnaebelé is released on order of
William I, German Emperor William I or Wilhelm I (german: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the f ...
, defusing a possible war.


1901–present

* 1910 – Frenchman
Louis Paulhan Isidore Auguste Marie Louis Paulhan (; 19 July 1883 – 10 February 1963), was a French aviator. He is known for winning the first ''Daily Mail'' aviation prize for the first flight between London and Manchester in 1910. Biography Paulhan was b ...
wins the 1910 London to Manchester air race, the first long-distance aeroplane race in the United Kingdom. * 1920 – The
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic Azerbaijan ( az, Азәрбајҹан, Azərbaycan, italics=no), officially the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR; az, Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист Республикасы, Azərbaycan Sovet Sosialist R ...
is founded. * 1923
Wembley Stadium Wembley Stadium (branded as Wembley Stadium connected by EE for sponsorship reasons) is a football stadium in Wembley, London. It opened in 2007 on the site of the Wembley Stadium (1923), original Wembley Stadium, which was demolished from 200 ...
is opened, named initially as the Empire Stadium. *
1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...
– The
Independence Producers The Independence Producers were a minor league baseball team based in Independence, Kansas, United States, that played from 1921 to 1925 and from 1928 to 1932. From 1921 to 1924, they played in the Southwestern League, and in 1925 they played in t ...
hosted the first
night game A night game, also called a nighter, is a sporting event that takes place, completely or partially, after the local sunset. Depending on the sport, this can be done either with floodlights or with the usual low-light conditions. The term "night ...
in the history of
Organized Baseball The Commissioner of Baseball is the chief executive officer of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the associated Minor League Baseball (MiLB) – a constellation of leagues and clubs known as "organized baseball". Under the direction of the Commiss ...
in
Independence, Kansas Independence is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,548. It was named in commemoration of the Declaration of Independence. History Independence w ...
. *
1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...
– The
Ustaše The Ustaše (), also known by anglicised versions Ustasha or Ustashe, was a Croats, Croatian Fascism, fascist and ultranationalism, ultranationalist organization active, as one organization, between 1929 and 1945, formally known as the Ustaš ...
massacre A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when per ...
nearly 200
Serbs The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language. The majority of Serbs live in their na ...
in the village of
Gudovac Gudovac is a village in Croatia. It lies near to Bjelovar and about east of the Croatian capital of Zagreb. Gudovac was first settled during the Middle Ages and had an ethnically mixed population through much of its history. In 1931, Gudovac ha ...
, the first massacre of their genocidal campaign against Serbs of the
Independent State of Croatia The Independent State of Croatia ( sh, Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; german: Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; it, Stato indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Fascist It ...
. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
: Nine German
E-boat E-boat was the Western Allies' designation for the fast attack craft (German: ''Schnellboot'', or ''S-Boot'', meaning "fast boat") of the Kriegsmarine during World War II; ''E-boat'' could refer to a patrol craft from an armed motorboat to a lar ...
s attacked US and UK units during
Exercise Tiger Exercise Tiger, or Operation Tiger, was one of a series of large-scale rehearsals for the D-Day invasion of Normandy, which took place in April 1944 on Slapton Sands in Devon. Coordination and communication problems resulted in friendly fire ...
, the rehearsal for the
Normandy landings The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as ...
, killing 946. *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
and his mistress
Clara Petacci Clara Petacci, known as Claretta Petacci (; 28 February 1912 – 28 April 1945), was a mistress of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. She was killed during Mussolini's execution by Italian partisans. Early life Daughter of Giuseppina Persich ...
are shot dead by
Walter Audisio Walter Audisio (; 28 June 1909 – 11 October 1973) was an Italian partisan and Communist politician, also known by his '' nom de guerre'' Colonel Valerio. A member of the Italian resistance movement during World War II, Audisio was involved ...
, a member of the
Italian resistance movement The Italian resistance movement (the ''Resistenza italiana'' and ''la Resistenza'') is an umbrella term for the Italian resistance groups who fought the occupying forces of Nazi Germany and the fascist collaborationists of the Italian Social ...
. * 1945 –
The Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
:
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
carries out its final use of
gas chambers A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or other animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced. Poisonous agents used include hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. History ...
to execute 33 Upper Austrian socialist and communist leaders in
Mauthausen concentration camp Mauthausen was a Nazi concentration camp on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen, Upper Austria, Mauthausen (roughly east of Linz), Upper Austria. It was the main camp of a group with List of subcamps of Mauthausen, nearly 100 further ...
. *
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country in ...
– Thor Heyerdahl and five crew mates set out from Peru on the ''Kon-Tiki'' to demonstrate that Peruvian natives could have settled Polynesia. *1948 – Igor Stravinsky conducted the premiere of his American ballet, ''Orpheus (ballet), Orpheus'' at the New York City Center. *1949 – The Hukbalahap are accused of assassinating former First Lady of the Philippines Aurora Quezon, while she is ''en route'' to dedicate a hospital in memory of her Manuel L. Quezon, late husband; her daughter and ten others are also killed. *1952 – Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Supreme Allied Commander of NATO in order to campaign in the 1952 United States presidential election. * 1952 – The Treaty of San Francisco comes into effect, restoring Japanese sovereignty and ending its state of war with most of the Allies of World War II. * 1952 – The Treaty of Taipei, Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Treaty of Taipei) is signed in Taipei, Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War. *1965 – United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66), United States occupation of the Dominican Republic: American troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate U.S. Army troops. *1967 – Vietnam War: Boxer Muhammad Ali refuses his induction into the United States Army and is subsequently stripped of his championship and license. *1969 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France. *1970 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to take part in the Cambodian campaign. *1973 – ''The Dark Side of the Moon'' by Pink Floyd, recorded in Abbey Road Studios goes to number one on the Billboard charts, US ''Billboard'' chart, beginning a record-breaking 741-week chart run. *1975 – General Cao Văn Viên, chief of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, South Vietnamese military, departs for the US as the North Vietnamese Army Ho Chi Minh Campaign, closes in on victory. *1977 – The Red Army Faction trial ends, with Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe found guilty of four counts of murder and more than 30 counts of attempted murder. *1978 – The President of Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud Khan, is overthrown and assassination, assassinated in a Saur Revolution, coup led by pro-communist rebels. * 1986 – High levels of radiation resulting from the Chernobyl disaster are detected at a nuclear power plant in Sweden, leading Soviet authorities to publicly announce the accident. *1988 – Near Maui, Hawaii, flight attendant Clarabelle "C.B." Lansing is blown out of Aloha Airlines Flight 243, a Boeing 737, and falls to her death when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid-flight. *1994 – Former Central Intelligence Agency counterintelligence officer and analyst Aldrich Ames pleads guilty to giving U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union and later Russia. *1996 – Whitewater controversy: President Bill Clinton gives a 4 hour videotaped testimony for the defense. * 1996 – Port Arthur massacre (Australia), Port Arthur massacre, Tasmania: A gunman, Martin Bryant, opens fire at the Broad Arrow Cafe in Port Arthur, Tasmania, killing 35 people and wounding 23 others. *2004 – CBS News released evidence of the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse. The photographs show rape and abuse from the American troops over Iraqi detainees.


Births


Pre-1600

*AD 32 – Otho, Roman emperor (d. 69 AD) *1402 – Nezahualcoyotl (tlatoani), Nezahualcoyotl, Acolhuan philosopher, warrior, poet and ruler (d. 1472) *1442 – Edward IV of England, Edward IV, king of England (d. 1483) *1545 – Yi Sun-sin, Korean commander (d. 1598) *1573 – Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême, son of Charles IX of France, Charles IX (d. 1650)


1601–1900

*1604 – Joris Jansen Rapelje, Dutch settler in colonial North America (d. 1662) *1623 – Wilhelmus Beekman, Dutch politician (d. 1707) *1630 – Charles Cotton, English poet and author (d. 1687) *1676 – Frederick I of Sweden, Frederick I, prince consort and king of Sweden (d. 1751) *1715 – Franz Sparry, Austrian composer and educator (d. 1767) *
1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
– James Monroe, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th President of the United States (d. 1831) *1761 – Marie Harel, French cheesemaker (d. 1844) *1765 – Sylvestre François Lacroix, French mathematician and academic (d. 1834) *1819 – Ezra Abbot, American scholar and academic (d. 1884) *1827 – William Hall (VC), William Hall, Canadian soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1904) *1838 – Tobias Asser, Dutch lawyer and scholar, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1913) *1848 – Ludvig Schytte, Danish pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1909) *1854 – Hertha Marks Ayrton, Polish-British engineer, mathematician, and physicist. (d. 1923) *1855 – José Malhoa, Portuguese painter (d. 1933) *1863 – Josiah Thomas (politician), Josiah Thomas, English-Australian miner and politician, 7th Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia), Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs (d. 1933) * 1863 – Nikolai von Meck, Russian engineer (d. 1929) *1865 – Charles W. Woodworth, American entomologist and academic (d. 1940) *1868 – Lucy Booth, English composer (d. 1953) * 1868 – Georgy Voronoy, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and academic (d. 1908) *1874 – Karl Kraus (writer), Karl Kraus, Austrian journalist and author (d. 1936) * 1874 – Sidney Toler, American actor and director (d. 1947) *1876 – Nicola Romeo, Italian engineer and businessman (d. 1938) *1878 – Lionel Barrymore, American actor and director (d. 1954) *1886 – Erich Salomon, German-born news photographer (d. 1944) * 1886 – Arthur Shaw (athlete), Art Shaw, American hurdler (d. 1955) *1888 – Walter Tull, English footballer and soldier (d. 1918) *1889 – António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese economist and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1970) *1896 – Na Hye-sok, South Korean journalist, poet, and painter (d. 1948) * 1896 – Tristan Tzara, Romanian-French poet and critic (d. 1963) *1897 – Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician, List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China, Head of State of the People's Republic of China (d. 1986) *1900 – Alice Berry, Australian activist (d. 1978) * 1900 – Heinrich Müller (Gestapo), Heinrich Müller, German SS officer (d. 1945) * 1900 – Jan Oort, Dutch astronomer and academic (d. 1992)


1901–present

*1901 – H. B. Stallard, English runner and surgeon (d. 1973) *1902 – Johan Borgen, Norwegian author and critic (d. 1979) *1906 – Kurt Gödel, Czech-American mathematician, philosopher, and academic (d. 1978) * 1906 – Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor and philanthropist (d. 1999) *1908 – Ethel Catherwood, American-Canadian high jumper and javelin thrower (d. 1987) * 1908 – Jack Fingleton, Australian cricketer, journalist, and sportscaster (d. 1981) * 1908 – Oskar Schindler, Czech-German businessman (d. 1974) *1909 – Arthur Võõbus, Estonian-American theologist and orientalist (d. 1988) * 1910 – Sam Merwin, Jr., American author (d. 1996) *1911 – Lee Falk, American director, producer, and playwright (d. 1999) *1912 – Odette Hallowes, French soldier and spy (d. 1995) * 1912 – Kaneto Shindō, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012) *1913 – Rose Murphy, American singer (d. 1989) *1914 – Michel Mohrt, French author, historian (d. 2011) *1916 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian businessman, created Lamborghini (d. 1993) *1917 – Robert Cornthwaite (actor), Robert Cornthwaite, American actor (d. 2006) *1921 – Rowland Evans, American soldier, journalist, and author (d. 2001) * 1921 – Simin Daneshvar, Iranian author and academic (d. 2012) * 1923 – Carolyn Cassady, American author (d. 2013) * 1923 – William Guarnere, American sergeant (d. 2014) *1924 – Dick Ayers, American author and illustrator (d. 2014) * 1924 – Blossom Dearie, American singer and pianist (d. 2009) * 1924 – Kenneth Kaunda, Zambian educator and politician, first president of Zambia (d. 2021) *1925 – T. John Lesinski, American judge and politician, 51st Lieutenant Governor of Michigan (d. 1996) * 1925 – John Leonard Thorn, English lieutenant, author, and academic *1926 – James Bama, American artist and illustrator * 1926 – Bill Blackbeard, American historian and author (d. 2011) * 1926 – Harper Lee, American novelist (d. 2016) * 1926 – Hulusi Sayın, Turkish general (d. 1991) *1928 – Yves Klein, French painter (d. 1962) * 1928 – Eugene Merle Shoemaker, American geologist and astronomer (d. 1997) *
1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...
– James Baker, American lawyer and politician, 61st United States Secretary of State * 1930 – Carolyn Jones, American actress (d. 1983) *1933 – Miodrag Radulovacki, Serbian-American neuropharmacologist and academic (d. 2014) *1934 – Lois Duncan, American journalist and author (d. 2016) *1935 – Pedro Ramos, Cuban baseball player * 1935 – Jimmy Wray, Scottish boxer and politician (d. 2013) *1936 – Tariq Aziz, Iraqi journalist and politician, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iraq), Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2015) *1937 – Saddam Hussein, Iraqi general and politician, 5th President of Iraq (d. 2006) * 1937 – Jean Redpath, Scottish singer-songwriter (d. 2014) * 1937 – John White (footballer, born 1937), John White, Scottish international footballer (d. 1964) *1938 – Madge Sinclair, Jamaican-American actress (d. 1995) *
1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...
– Ann-Margret, Swedish-American actress, singer, and dancer * 1941 – Lucien Aimar, French cyclist * 1941 – John Madejski, English businessman and academic * 1941 – Karl Barry Sharpless, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate * 1941 – Iryna Zhylenko, Ukrainian poet and author (d. 2013) *1942 – Mike Brearley, English cricketer and psychoanalyst *1943 – Aryeh Bibi, Iraqi Jews, Iraqi-born Israeli politician *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
– Elizabeth LeCompte, American director and producer * 1944 – Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe, Belgian politician, 10th Minister-President of Wallonia * 1944 – Alice Waters, American chef and author *1946 – Nour El-Sherif, Egyptian actor and producer (d. 2015) * 1946 – Ginette Reno, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress * 1946 – Larissa Grunig, American theorist and activist *
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country in ...
– Christian Jacq, French historian and author * 1947 – Nicola LeFanu, English composer and academic * 1947 – Steve Khan, American jazz guitarist *1948 – Terry Pratchett, English journalist, author, and screenwriter (d. 2015) * 1948 – Marcia Strassman, American actress and singer (d. 2014) *1949 – Jeremy Cooke, English lawyer and judge * 1949 – Paul Guilfoyle, American actor * 1949 – Bruno Kirby, American actor and director (d. 2006) *1950 – Willie Colón, Puerto Rican-American trombonist and producer * 1950 – Jay Leno, American comedian, talk show host, and producer * 1950 – Steve Rider, English journalist and sportscaster *1951 – Tim Congdon, English economist and politician * 1951 – Larry Smith (Canadian politician), Larry Smith, Canadian football player and politician *1952 – Chuck Leavell, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player * 1952 – Mary McDonnell, American actress *1953 – Roberto Bolaño, Chilean novelist, short-story writer, poet, and essayist (d. 2003) * 1953 – Kim Gordon, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1953 – Brian Greenhoff, English footballer and coach (d. 2013) *1954 – Timothy Curley, American educator * 1954 – Michael P. Jackson, American politician, 3rd United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security, Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security * 1954 – Vic Sotto, Filipino actor-producer, singer-songwriter, comedian and television personality * 1954 – Ron Zook, American football player and coach *1955 – Saeb Erekat, Chief Palestinian negotiator (d. 2020) * 1955 – Eddie Jobson, English keyboard player and violinist * 1955 – Dieter Rubach, German bass player *1956 – Jimmy Barnes, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist *1957 – Wilma Landkroon, Dutch singer *1958 – Hal Sutton, American golfer *1960 – Tom Browning, American baseball player * 1960 – Elena Kagan, American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States * 1960 – Phil King (musician), Phil King, English bass player * 1960 – Ian Rankin, Scottish author * 1960 – Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Icelandic strongman and weightlifter (d. 1993) * 1960 – Walter Zenga, Italian footballer and manager *1963 – Sandrine Dumas, French actress, director, and screenwriter * 1963 – Lloyd Eisler, Canadian figure skater and coach * 1963 – Marc Lacroix (biochemist), Marc Lacroix, Belgian biochemist and academic *1964 – Stephen Ames, Trinidadian golfer * 1964 – Noriyuki Iwadare, Japanese composer * 1964 – Ajay Kakkar, Baron Kakkar, English surgeon and academic * 1964 – Barry Larkin, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster * 1964 – L'Wren Scott, American model and fashion designer (d. 2014) *1965 – Jennifer Rardin, American author (d. 2010) *1966 – John Daly (golfer), John Daly, American golfer * 1966 – Too Short, American rapper, producer and actor *1967 – Chris White (politician), Chris White, English engineer and politician *1968 – Howard Donald, English singer-songwriter and producer * 1968 – Andy Flower, South-African-Zimbabwean cricketer and coach *1969 – LeRon Perry Ellis, American basketball player *1970 – Richard Fromberg, Australian tennis player * 1970 – Nicklas Lidström, Swedish ice hockey player and scout * 1970 – Diego Simeone, Argentinian footballer and manager *1971 – Brad McEwan, Australian journalist *1972 – Violent J, American rapper * 1972 – Helena Tulve, Estonian composer * 1972 – Jean-Paul van Gastel, Dutch footballer and manager *1973 – Jorge Garcia, American actor and producer * 1973 – Earl Holmes, American football player and coach * 1973 – Andrew Mehrtens, South African-New Zealand rugby player *1974 – Penélope Cruz, Spanish actress and producer * 1974 – Margo Dydek, Polish basketball player and coach (d. 2011) * 1974 – Richel Hersisia, Dutch boxer * 1974 – Vernon Kay, English radio and television host * 1974 – Dominic Matteo, Scottish footballer and journalist *1975 – Michael Walchhofer, Austrian skier *1976 – Shane Jurgensen, Australian cricketer *1978 – Lauren Laverne, English singer and television host * 1978 – Robert Oliveri, American actor * 1978 – Nate Richert, American actor *1979 – Scott Fujita, American football player and sportscaster *1980 – Bradley Wiggins, English cyclist *1981 – Jessica Alba, American model and actress * 1981 – Pietro Travagli, Italian rugby player *1982 – Nikki Grahame, English model and journalist (d. 2021) * 1982 – Chris Kaman, American basketball player *1983 – Josh Brookes, Australian motorcycle racer * 1983 – David Freese, American baseball player * 1983 – Roger Johnson (footballer), Roger Johnson, English footballer * 1983 – Graham Wagg, English cricketer * 1983 – Thomas Waldrom, New Zealand-English rugby player *1984 – Dmitri Torbinski, Russian footballer *1985 – Lucas Jakubczyk, German sprinter and long jumper * 1985 – Deividas Stagniūnas, Lithuanian ice dancer *1986 – Roman Polák, Czech ice hockey player * 1986 – Jenna Ushkowitz, Korean-American actress, singer, and dancer *1987 – Ryan Conroy, Scottish footballer * 1987 – Daequan Cook, American basketball player * 1987 – Samantha Ruth Prabhu, Indian actress and model * 1987 – Bradley Johnson, English footballer * 1987 – Zoran Tošić, Serbian footballer *1988 – Jonathan Biabiany, French footballer * 1988 – Juan Manuel Mata, Spanish footballer * 1988 – Katariina Tuohimaa, Finnish tennis player *1989 – Emil Salomonsson, Swedish footballer * 1989 – Kim Sung-kyu, South Korean singer *1990 – Niels-Peter Mørck, Danish footballer *1992 – Blake Bortles, American football player * 1992 – DeMarcus Lawrence, American football player *1993 – Craig Garvey, Australian rugby league player * 1993 – Eva Samková, Czech snowboarder *1995 – Jonathan Benteke, Belgian footballer * 1995 – Melanie Martinez (singer), Melanie Martinez, American singer


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 224 – Artabanus IV of Parthia (b. 191) * 948 – Hu Jinsi, Chinese general and prefect * 988 – Adaldag, archbishop of Archbishopric of Bremen, Bremen * 992 – Jawhar (general), Jawhar as-Siqilli, Fatimid statesman *1109 – Abbot Hugh of Cluny (b. 1024) * 1192
Conrad of Montferrat Conrad of Montferrat (Italian: ''Corrado del Monferrato''; Piedmontese: ''Conrà ëd Monfrà'') (died 28 April 1192) was a nobleman, one of the major participants in the Third Crusade. He was the ''de facto'' King of Jerusalem (as Conrad I) by vi ...
(b. 1140) *1197 – Rhys ap Gruffydd, prince of Deheubarth (b. 1132) *1257 – Shajar al-Durr, sovereign sultana of Egypt *1260 – Luchesius Modestini, founding member of the Third Order of St. Francis *1400 – Baldus de Ubaldis, Italian jurist (b. 1327) *1489 – Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, English politician (b. 1449) *1533 – Nicholas West, English bishop and diplomat (b. 1461)


1601–1900

*1643 – Francisco de Lucena, Portuguese politician (b. 1578) *1710 – Thomas Betterton, English actor and manager (b. 1630) *1716 – Louis de Montfort, French priest and saint (b. 1673) *1726 – Thomas Pitt, English merchant and politician (b. 1653) *1741 – Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish general and politician (b. 1668) *1772 – Johann Friedrich Struensee, German physician and politician (b. 1737) *1781 – Cornelius Harnett, American merchant, farmer, and politician (b. 1723) *1813 – Mikhail Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (b. 1745) *1816 – Johann Heinrich Abicht, German philosopher, author, and academic (b. 1762) *1841 – Peter Chanel, French priest, missionary, and martyr (b. 1803) *1853 – Ludwig Tieck, German author and poet (b. 1773) *1858 – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist and anatomist (b. 1801) *1865 – Samuel Cunard, Canadian-English businessman, founded Cunard Line (b. 1787) * 1881 – Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, French sculptor and photographer (b. 1818) *1883 – John Russell (parson), John Russell, English hunter and dog breeder (b. 1795)


1901–present

*1902 – Cyprien Tanguay, Canadian priest and historian (b. 1819) *1903 – Josiah Willard Gibbs, American scientist (b. 1839) *1905 – Fitzhugh Lee, American general and politician, 40th Governor of Virginia (b. 1835) *1925 – Richard Butler (Australian politician), Richard Butler, English-Australian politician, 23rd Premier of South Australia (b. 1850) *1928 – May Jordan McConnel, Australian trade unionist and suffragist (b. 1860) *1929 – Hendrik van Heuckelum, Dutch footballer (b. 1879) *1936 – Fuad I of Egypt (b. 1868) *1939 – Anne Walter Fearn, American physician (b. 1867) *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
– Mohammed Alim Khan, Manghud ruler (b. 1880) * 1944 – Frank Knox, American journalist and politician, 46th United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1874) *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
– Roberto Farinacci, Italian soldier and politician (b. 1892) * 1945 – Hermann Fegelein, German general (b. 1906) * 1945 –
Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
, Italian journalist and politician, 27th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1883) *1946 – Louis Bachelier, French mathematician and academic (b. 1870) *1954 – Léon Jouhaux, French union leader, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879) *1956 – Fred Marriott, American race car driver (b. 1872) *1957 – Heinrich Bär, German colonel and pilot (b. 1913) *1962 – Bennie Osler, South African rugby player (b. 1901) *1963 – Wilhelm Weber (gymnast), Wilhelm Weber, German gymnast (b. 1880) *1970 – Ed Begley, American actor (b. 1901) *1973 – Clas Thunberg, Finnish speed skater (b. 1893) *1976 – Richard Hughes (writer), Richard Hughes, American author and poet (b. 1900) *1977 – Ricardo Cortez, American actor (b. 1900) * 1977 – Sepp Herberger, German footballer and coach (b. 1897) *1978 – Mohammed Daoud Khan, Afghan commander and politician, 1st President of Afghanistan (b. 1909) *1980 – Tommy Caldwell (musician), Tommy Caldwell, American bass player (b. 1949) *1987 – Ben Linder, American engineer and activist (b. 1959) *1989 – Esa Pakarinen, Finnish actor and musician (b. 1911) *1991 – Steve Broidy, American film producer (b. 1905) *1992 – Francis Bacon (artist), Francis Bacon, Irish painter (b. 1909) *1993 – Diva Diniz Corrêa, Brazilian zoologist (b. 1918) * 1993 – Jim Valvano, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1946) *1994 – Berton Roueché, American journalist and author (b. 1910) *1996 – Lester Sumrall, American minister, founded Lester Sumrall, LeSEA (b. 1913) *1997 – Ann Petry, American novelist (b. 1908) *1998 – Jerome Bixby, American author and screenwriter (b. 1923) *1999 – Rory Calhoun, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922) * 1999 – Rolf Landauer, German-American physicist and engineer (b. 1927) * 1999 – Alf Ramsey, English footballer and manager (b. 1920) * 1999 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1921) *2000 – Jerzy Einhorn, Polish-Swedish physician and politician (b. 1925) * 2000 – Penelope Fitzgerald, English author and poet (b. 1916) *2002 – Alexander Lebed, Russian general and politician (b. 1950) * 2002 – Lou Thesz, American wrestler and trainer (b. 1916) *2005 – Percy Heath, American bassist (b. 1923) * 2005 – Chris Candido, American wrestler (b. 1971) * 2005 – Taraki Sivaram, Sri Lankan journalist and author (b. 1959) *2006 – Steve Howe (baseball), Steve Howe, American baseball player (b. 1958) *2007 – Dabbs Greer, American actor (b. 1917) * 2007 – René Mailhot, Canadian journalist (b. 1942) * 2007 – Tommy Newsom, American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1929) * 2007 – Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, German physicist and philosopher (b. 1912) * 2007 – Bertha Wilson, Scottish-Canadian lawyer and jurist (b. 1923) *2009 – Ekaterina Maximova, Russian ballerina and actress (b. 1939) * 2009 – Richard Pratt (Australian businessman), Richard Pratt, Polish-Australian businessman (b. 1934) *2011 – Erhard Loretan, Swiss mountaineer (b. 1959) *2012 – Fred Allen (rugby union), Fred Allen, New Zealand rugby player and coach (b. 1920) * 2012 – Matilde Camus, Spanish poet and author (b. 1919) * 2012 – Al Ecuyer, American football player (b. 1937) * 2012 – Patricia Medina, English actress (b. 1919) * 2012 – Milan N. Popović, Serbian psychiatrist and author (b. 1924) * 2012 – Aberdeen Shikoyi, Kenyan rugby player (b. 1985) *2013 – Brad Lesley, American baseball player (b. 1958) * 2013 – Fredrick McKissack, American author (b. 1939) * 2013 – John C. Reynolds, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1935) * 2013 – Jack Shea (director), Jack Shea, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928) * 2013 – János Starker, Hungarian-American cellist and educator (b. 1924) * 2013 – Paulo Vanzolini, Brazilian singer-songwriter and zoologist (b. 1924) * 2013 – Bernie Wood, New Zealand journalist and author (b. 1939) *2014 – Barbara Fiske Calhoun, American cartoonist and painter (b. 1919) * 2014 – William Honan, American journalist and author (b. 1930) * 2014 – Dennis Kamakahi, American guitarist and composer (b. 1953) * 2014 – Edgar Laprade, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919) * 2014 – Jack Ramsay, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1925) * 2014 – Idris Sardi, Indonesian violinist and composer (b. 1938) * 2014 – Frederic Schwartz, American architect, co-designed ''Empty Sky (memorial), Empty Sky'' (b. 1951) * 2014 – Ryan Tandy, Australian rugby player (b. 1981) *2015 – Antônio Abujamra, Brazilian actor and director (b. 1932) * 2015 – Marcia Brown, American author and illustrator (b. 1918) * 2015 – Michael J. Ingelido, American general (b. 1916) *2016 – Jenny Diski, English author and screenwriter (b. 1947) *2017 – Mariano Gagnon, American Catholic priest and author (b. 1929) *2018 – James Hylton, American race car driver (b. 1934) *2019 – Richard Lugar, American politician (b.1932) * 2019 – John Singleton, American film director (b. 1968) *2021 – Michael Collins (astronaut), Michael Collins, American astronaut (b. 1930) * 2021 – El Risitas, Spanish comedian (b. 1956)


Holidays and observances

*Christian feast day: **Aphrodisius, Aphrodisius and companions **Gianna Beretta Molla **Kirill of Turov (Orthodox, added to Roman Martyrology in 1969) **Louis de Montfort **Pamphilus of Sulmona **Peter Chanel **Vitalis of Milan, Vitalis and Valeria of Milan **April 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Mujahideen Victory Day (Afghanistan) *National Heroes Day (Barbados) *Restoration of Sovereignty Day (Japan) *Sa die de sa Sardigna, Sardinia Day (Sardinia) *Workers' Memorial Day, Workers' Memorial Day and World Day for Safety and Health at Work (International observances, international) **National Day of Mourning (Canada), National Day of Mourning (Canada)


References


External links


BBC: On This Day
*
Historical Events on April 28
{{months Days of the year April